Topic 4: APA/Citation

In reality,if i say my own opinion about this topic is really difficult for memorizing or leaning. But, i have found so many new interesting things which i will able to use in my future life. However, our lecturer explained to us about it and done some exercise in lab class. Now i am totally clear about it.

What is APA Style, and Why Use It?

APA stands for American Psychological Association.  This is a professional organization, one of many that rely on constantly up-to-date research, presented mostly in journals and at conferences. In 1928, psychologists and anthropologists developed the APA style to resolve academic disputes that occurred not because of different ideas, but because of different ways to present the same knowledge. The style they developed has been applied to many journals and newsletters as well as books, in a variety of disciplines: Psychology, Sociology, Education, and Nursing, but also Geography, Composition, and Business – any field where the newest information is most essential.

 APA styled is used for

•Term papers

•Research Reports

•Empirical Studies

•Literature Reviews

•Theoretical Articles

•Methodology

•Case Study

References List

 •Reference contains the following components:

 •- author names or names

 •-publication date

 •-title of the work

 •Publication data

Sawyer, C., McCarty, P., & Parkin, G. F. (1994).     Chemistry for environmental engineering.   (4th ed.).  New York : McGraw-Hill.

Documenting Authors

•One Author:
Koch Jr., R. T. (2004).•Two Authors:Stewart, T., & Biffle, G. (1999).
•Three to Six AuthorsWells, H. G., Lovecraft, H. P., Potter, H. J., Rowling, J. K., & Kirk, J. T. (2005).
•More than Six AuthorsSmith, M., Flanagan, F., Judd, A., Burstyn, E., Bullock, S., Knight, S., et al. (2002).

•Same author?  List by Year.  Same year? Alphabetize by source title and add a letter to the year (1984a).

RULES FOR AUTHORS

 a)   Start with family name for authors which have family names, follow with coma and initial for other part of the names.

                 Eg:  Tan, B. T.

                 Means, G. P.

                 Puthucheary, M.

 b)  For names without family names, cite as they are known.

                Eg:  Osman Hamzah

                Nik Ismail Nik Ishak

 c)  If two authors, use ampersand (&) before the last author. Use coma after each family name and in between each author after initials.

               Eg:  Sawyer, C., & Parkin, G. F.

d)  More than six authors, use et al. for the seventh or more   author   names.

           Eg:  Lofland, L. , Moore, M.H., Estrich. S, McGillis, D.,   Spelman, W., Parker, K. ,et al.

RULES FOR TITLE

 a)  Capitalize only the first alphabet of the first word or names in title and subtitle.

b) Underline, bold or italic the Title of books and the Title of Journal.

c)  Capitalize each alphabet in each word in the Title of journal except for preposition.